Adjust an oven rack to the middle position and heat the oven to 325 degrees.
Grease and flour a 12-cup muffin tin.
Combine the flour, baking soda, and salt in a bowl.
Whisk the water, cocoa, chocolate chips, and espresso in a large bowl until smooth.
Add the sugar, sour cream, oil, eggs, and vanilla and mix until combined.
Whisk in the flour mixture until incorporated.
Divide the batter evenly among the muffin cups.
Bake until a toothpick inserted into a cupcake comes out with few dry crumbs attached, 18 to 22 minutes.
Let the cupcakes in the tin for 10 minutes, then turn them out onto a wire rack and cool completely.