Melt the butter in a pot over medium-low heat.
Add the onion and cook, stirring regularly, until softened but not browned, about 4 minutes.
Add the cumin, turmeric, cinnamon, and garlic and cook, stirring constantly, until fragrant, about 30 seconds longer.
Add the rice to the pot, and cook, stirring constantly, for about 3 minutes.
Add the water, salt, and pepper and bring to a boil.
Reduce the heat to low, cover, and simmer until all the liquid is absorbed, 15 to 18 minutes.